Qualitative Research on Community Engagement: Discovered Key Factors for Communities to Successfully Reach Goals

Boston Mayor's Youth Council | UX Researcher

Interviews

Note-taking

Data Synthesis

Data Analysis

Personas

Conducted 5 interviews, developed personas, and delivered insights to the MYC to improve community engagement strategies. Identified key factors that foster a sense of belonging and enhance participation within the community. Spearheaded study setup, stakeholder alignment, and participant recruitment.

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Outline

Problem

The Mayor's Youth Council (MYC) unites high school students from all neighborhoods of Boston, serving as a diverse community that bridges various social divides. As representatives for the city, these youth design initiatives to improve the lives of Boston residents, especially fellow youth. The Office of Youth Engagement and Advancement (OYEA) aims to support MYC’s community cohesion and retention.

As an individual researcher, my purpose was to explore how to: Strengthen connections within a community.

Duration

March - April 2024
(as a part of my Field Methods course at Bentley)

Solution

  1. I conducted in-depth user research that involved structured interviews with 5 participants.
  2. I gathered insights into the experiences, motivations and challenges faced within any community.
  3. Identified key personas within the community.
  4. Identified how factors such as sense of belonging, inter-personal expectations, and rewards factor into community engagement.
  5. Presented the stakeholders with key findings to enable them to undertake initiatives to improve the MYC community.

Tools

Figjam, Figma

Defining the Scope

Stakeholder Collab

Conversations with Stakeholders to Understand Research Goals

To start, I immersed myself in conversations with stakeholders, uncovering their aspirations for the study. They wanted to deeply understand what defines a community and the essence of belonging. Together, we framed thoughtful research questions, balancing their curiosity with the project’s tight one-month timeline. We adopted a discovery-driven approach—blending inspiration to understand people and introspection to uncover meaningful objectives.

Defining the Scope

Research Design & Sampling

Mapping Samples Defined by Behaviors, Abilities, Demographics, and Psychographics

Given the constraints of a shortened timeline of a month and relying on friends-and-family recruitment, I had to settle for a constrained sample rather than my ideal expectation.

I focused on participants who had joined at least one community in the past 5 years, contributed to it weekly, and could share at least one meaningful story about their contribution to the community. This approach would bring valuable, albeit narrower, insights.

Defining the Scope

Approach

Defining Suitable Contexts, Dynamics, and Methods for the Study

Ideally, I would conduct a two-month longitudinal diary study with in-person interviews supported by a dedicated note-taker. But with the reality of a one-month timeline and working solo, I pivoted to remote, one-on-one interviews, wearing the dual hats of moderator and note-taker.

While this approach worked, it came with trade-offs—I missed the subtleties of in-person interactions and the richness of longitudinal data. To ensure depth, I revisited interview recordings, making detailed notes to mitigate any loss in nuance.

Defining the Scope

Interview Protocol

Organizing Stakeholder Requirements Into Interview Questions, Moving from Broad to Focussed

Designing the interview protocol was a challenge that took through multiple iterations. Starting with the stakeholders’ broad questions, I organized them into four thematic buckets: community, belonging in a community, expectations in a community, and roles of reprimands and rewards in going beyond expectations. This structure guided the conversation naturally, moving from broad ideas to specific insights. I carefully refined the questions to avoid bias while ensuring we addressed every stakeholder query within the tight 45-minute limit. To make the process engaging, I added activities that balanced empathy and fun.

A pilot session validated the protocol, giving me the confidence to proceed with a clear, comprehensive guide.

Defining the Scope

ScHedule & budget

Creating a Detailed Schedule To Ensure Enough Time for Each Phase of the Study

I created a schedule and a budget for interviews, assuming the role of an entry-level UX researcher earning $56/hour. Though academic, this exercise helped with planning and prioritization, underscoring the importance of time-management and resource allocation in real-world research.

Defining the Scope

Interview Execution

Conducting Five 45-minute Remote Interview Sessions

Participants were recruited through friends and family. To ensure transparency, I began each interview with a consent form, securing permission to record for accurate data capture.

Balancing roles as moderator and note-taker simultaneously proved a little challenging — I stayed present in the conversation while simultaneously making notes of key moments. Post-interview, I revisited transcripts and recordings, piecing together insights. This iterative process deepened my understanding of the participants’ stories, setting the foundation for meaningful analysis.

Defining the Scope

Data Synthesis & Personas

Using FigJam to Make Sense of the Participants' Diverse Narratives

Patterns began to emerge, revealing two distinct personas on a spectrum of community involvement behavior - The Driver, a proactive leader and The Passenger, the engaged yet reserved participant.

Through these personas, I captured the emotional and behavioral dynamics of community members, providing actionable insights for stakeholders to address varied engagement levels.

Defining the Scope

Key Findings

Organizing Overarching Insights Into 5 Main Findings

Findings 1 & 2: Lifecycle of a Community

Finding 1
Communities form around shared goals, motivating individuals to collaborate, uphold shared values, and evolve through active participation, recognition, and positive communication.

Finding 2
Breakdowns may occur due to unmet expectations, disengagement, and negative experiences.

Finding 3: Engagement is directly proportional to sense of belonging.

Finding 4: People expect a balance between how much they give to and how much they ask/expect from a relationship.

Finding 5: Reprimands diminish sense of belonging and engagement, while rewards bolster both within the community.

Constructive criticism delivered through the Sandwich method (which involves sandwiching negative feedback within layers of positive feedback or praise) is better appreciated than outright reprimands.

Defining the Scope

Wrap Up

Presenting Insights to Stakeholders and Reflecting on the Project

Wrapping up the research, I presented my findings to the stakeholders, mapping insights back to their initial questions. They resonated deeply with the personas, The Driver and The Passenger. One insight stood out—the concept of self-reward was appreciated, prompting stakeholders to consider how they could inspire community members to go beyond expectations while feeling personally fulfilled.

Since this was an academic sponsor project, the stakeholders considered findings from all the students, informing them of ways they could implement changes within their community to strengthen connections.

Defining the Scope